Liburnian language Totally Explained

Everything about The Liburnian Language totally explained

The Liburnian language is an extinct language which was spoken by the ancient Liburnians, who occupied Liburnia in classical times. The Liburnian language is reckoned as an Indo-European language, in the Centum group. It appears to have been on the same Indo-European branch as the Venetic language.
   No writings in Liburnian are known however. The grouping of Liburnian with Venetic is based on the Liburnian onomastics. In particular, Liburnian anthroponyms show strong Venetic affinities, with many common or similar names and a number of common roots, such as Vols-, Volt-, and Host- (<PIE *ghos-ti-, "stranger, guest, host"). Liburnian and Venetic names also share suffixes in common, such as -icus and -ocus.
   These features set Liburnian and Venetic apart from the Illyrian onomastic province, though this doesn't preclude the possibility that Venetic-Liburnian and Illyrian may have been closely related, belonging to the same Indo-European branch. In fact, a number of linguists argue that this is the case, based on similar phonetic features and names in common between Venetic-Liburnian on the one hand and Illyrian on the other.
   The Liburnians were conquered by the Romans in 35 BC. The Liburnian language eventually was replaced by Latin, undergoing language death probably very early in the Common era.

Onomastics

Anthroponyms

The single name plus patronymic formula common among Illyrians is rare among Liburnians. In a region where the Roman three-name formula (praenomen, nomen gentile, cognomen: Caius Julius Caesar) spread at an early date, a native two-name formula appears in several variants. Personal name plus family name is found in southern Liburnia, while personal name plus family name plus patronymic is found throughout the Liburnian area, for example: Avita Suioca Vesclevesis, Velsouna Suioca Vesclevesis f(ilia), Avita Aquillia L(uci) f(ilia), Volsouna Oplica Pl(a)etoris f(ilia), Vendo Verica Triti f(ilius).

Acaica
Aetor
Avitus (masc.), Avita (fem.)
Boninus
Cliticus
Colatina
Curticus
Darmo
Dumma
Hosp(olis)
Hostiducis (gen.)
Hostiices
Lambicus
Malavicus
Marica
Menda
Moicus
Oclatinus
Oeplus
Opia
Opiavus
Oplus
Plaetor, gen. Plaetoris. Found among the Veneti as Plaetorius; among the Illyrians as Plator, genitive Platoris. Attested as Pletor in an inscription found in the area of Ljubljana in Slovenia.
Patalius
Recus
Suioca
Tarnis
Toruca
Trosius
Turus
Vadica
Velsouna (fem.)
Viniocus
Volaesa
Volscus
Volsetis (gen.)
Volso
Volsonus
Volsounus (masc.), Volsouna (fem.)
Volsus
Voltimesis (gen.)
Vol(l)tis(s)a
Zupricus

The majority of the preceding names are unknown among the eastern and southern neighbors (Dalmatae, etc.) of the Liburnians, yet many have Venetic complements. The following names are judged to be exclusively Liburnian, yet one (Buzetius) is also attested among the neighboring Iapodes to the north and northeast:

Aeia

Barcinus

Buzetius

Caminis (gen.)

Ceunus

Clausus

Granp (...). Attested only in abbreviated form.

Iaefus

Lastimeis (gen. ?)

Mamaester

Pasinus

Picusus

Tetenus

Vesclevesis (gen.). The etymology is established. It is a compound, the initial element Ves- from PIE *wesu-, "good"; the second element -cleves- (genitive suffix -is) from PIE *kleu-, "to hear".

Virno

Theonyms

Anzotica. The Liburnian Venus.

Toponyms

Further Information

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